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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE REGULATION OF CLIMACTERIC FRUIT RIPENING: HORMONE, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND EPIGENETICMODIFICATIONS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期

摘要：

Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process made up of genetically programmed physiological and biochemical activities. It culminates in desirable changes in the structural and textural properties and is governed by a complex regulatory network. Much is known about ethylene, one of the most important metabolites promoting the ripening of climacteric fruits. However, the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part. Additional regulatory factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications also play vital role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. Here, we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network comprising interactions between hormones and the action of TFs and epigenetic modifications during climacteric fruit ripening.

关键词： climacteric fruit ripening / phytohormones / TFs / epigenetic modifications

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RECENT ADVANCES IN THE REGULATION OF CLIMACTERIC FRUIT RIPENING: HORMONE, TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR AND EPIGENETICMODIFICATIONS

Yinglin JI, Mingyang XU, Aide WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》页码 314-334 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021386

摘要： Fruit ripening is a complex developmental process made up of genetically programmed physiological and biochemical activities. It culminates in desirable changes in the structural and textural properties and is governed by a complex regulatory network. Much is known about ethylene, one of the most important metabolites promoting the ripening of climacteric fruits. However, the dynamic interplay between phytohormones also plays an important part. Additional regulatory factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications also play vital role in the regulation of climacteric fruit ripening. Here, we review and evaluate the complex regulatory network comprising interactions between hormones and the action of TFs and epigenetic modifications during climacteric fruit ripening.

关键词： climacteric fruit ripening phytohormones TFs epigenetic modifications

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Epigenetic dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma: focus on polycomb group proteins

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 231-241 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0253-7

摘要：

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development is characterized by the presence of epigenetic alterations, including promoter DNA hypermethylation and post-translational modifications of histone, which profoundly affect expression of a wide repertoire of genes critical for cancer development. Emerging data suggest that deregulation of polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which are key chromatin modifiers repressing gene transcription during developmental stage, plays a causative role in oncogenesis. PcG proteins assemble into polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) to impose the histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) modification for repression. In this review, we will first recapitulate the mechanisms of two key epigenetic pathways: DNA methylation and histone modifications. Specifically, we will focus our discussion on the molecular roles of PcG proteins. Next, we will highlight recent findings on PcG proteins, their clinicopathological implication and their downstream molecular consequence in hepatocarcinogenesis. Last but not least, we will consider the therapeutic potential of targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) as a possible treatment for HCC. Improving our understanding on the roles of PcG proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis can benefit the development of epigenetic-based therapy.

关键词： liver cancer epigenetics histone modifications polycomb group proteins enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)

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The value of epigenetic markers in esophageal cancer

Xiao-Mei ZHANG, Ming-Zhou GUO,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 378-384 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0230-3

摘要： Developing esophageal cancer is a multi-step process that begins with the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations, and leads to the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation or loss of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). In addition to genetic alteration, epigenetic modifications, and in particular DNA methylation, are recognized as a common molecular alteration in human tumors. In esophageal cancer, aberrant methylation of promoter regions occurs not only in advanced cancer, but also in premalignant lesions. DNA methylation is related to survival time and sensitivity of chemoradiotherapy. This review is mainly focused on epigenetic changes in esophageal cancer and the value of early detection for patient prognosis, treatment choices, and potential targeting therapy.

关键词： epigenetics DNA methylation esophageal cancer dysplasia

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environmental exposure-induced spermatozoal small noncoding RNA alteration meditates the intergenerational epigenetic

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 176-184 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0885-y

摘要： Studies of human and mammalian have revealed that environmental exposure can affect paternal health conditions as well as those of the offspring. However, studies that explore the mechanisms that meditate this transmission are rare. Recently, small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) in sperm have seemed crucial to this transmission due to their alteration in sperm in response to environmental exposure, and the methodology of microinjection of isolated total RNA or sncRNAs or synthetically identified sncRNAs gradually lifted the veil of sncRNA regulation during intergenerational inheritance along the male line. Hence, by reviewing relevant literature, this study intends to answer the following research concepts: (1) paternal environmental factors that can be passed on to offspring and are attributed to spermatozoal sncRNAs, (2) potential role of paternal spermatozoal sncRNAs during the intergenerational inheritance process, and (3) the potential mechanism by which spermatozoal sncRNAs meditate intergenerational inheritance. In summary, increased attention highlights the hidden wonder of spermatozoal sncRNAs during intergenerational inheritance. Therefore, in the future, more studies should focus on the origin of RNA alteration, the target of RNA regulation, and how sncRNA regulation during embryonic development can be sustained even in adult offspring.

关键词： small noncoding RNAs epigenetic inheritance paternal intergenerational inherence extracellular vesicles

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Innate immune responses in RNA viral infection

Qian Xu, Yuting Tang, Gang Huang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 333-346 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0776-7

摘要： RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays a key role in activating the adaptive immune system. In the innate immune system, the interactions between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and host pattern recognition receptors activate multiple signaling pathways in immune cells and induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interferons to elicit antiviral responses. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells are the principal innate immune components that exert antiviral activities. In this review, the current understanding of innate immunity contributing to the restriction of RNA viral infections was briefly summarized. Besides the main role of immune cells in combating viral infection, the intercellular transfer of pathogen and host-derived materials and their epigenetic and metabolic interactions associated with innate immunity was discussed. This knowledge provides an enhanced understanding of the innate immune response to RNA viral infections in general and aids in the preparation for the existing and next emerging viral infections.

关键词： innate immune viral infection intercellular signaling metabolic changes epigenetic changes

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The critical importance of epigenetics in autoimmune-related skin diseases

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 43-57 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0980-8

摘要： Autoimmune-related skin diseases are a group of disorders with diverse etiology and pathophysiology involved in autoimmunity. Genetics and environmental factors may contribute to the development of these autoimmune disorders. Although the etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are poorly understood, environmental variables that induce aberrant epigenetic regulations may provide some insights. Epigenetics is the study of heritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression without changing DNA sequences. The most important epigenetic mechanisms are DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings regarding the function of epigenetic mechanisms in autoimmune-related skin disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, bullous skin diseases, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis. These findings will expand our understanding and highlight the possible clinical applications of precision epigenetics approaches.

关键词： epigenetics autoimmune-related skin diseases DNA methylation histone modifications noncoding RNAs

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The genetic regulation of skeletal muscle development: insights from chicken studies

Wen LUO, Bahareldin A. ABDALLA, Qinghua NIE, Xiquan ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 295-304 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017159

摘要： Skeletal muscle development is a complex multi-process trait regulated by various genetic factors. The chicken embryo is an ideal model system for studying skeletal muscle development. However, only a small proportion of the genetic factors affecting skeletal muscle development have been identified in chicken. The aim of this review is to summarize recent knowledge about the genetic factors involved in the regulation of skeletal muscle development in the chicken, such as gene polymorphisms, epigenetic modification, noncoding RNAs and transcription factors, which can influence skeletal muscle development at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome and proteome levels. Research on the regulation of skeletal muscle development in chicken is not yet comprehensive and most of the candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms related to chicken muscle growth remain to be verified in experimental studies. In addition, the data derived from transcriptome sequencing and genome-wide association studies still require further investigation and analysis and comprehensive studies on the regulation of chicken skeletal muscle development will continue as a major research focus.

关键词： chicken epigenetic modification miRNAs skeletal muscle development SNP transcription factor

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新型冠状病毒HCoV-19 S蛋白与人ACE2蛋白表面糖链和独特翻译后修饰的质谱分析 Article

孙泽宇, 任科燚, 张兴, 陈景华, 姜正一, 江静, 季飞洋, 欧阳晓希, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第10期页码 1441-1451 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.014

摘要：

当下新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的国际大流行促使全球科学家努力尝试揭秘新冠病毒HCoV-19的生物学特性。质谱分析（MS）发现，在HCoV-19 S蛋白的21个潜在糖基化修饰位点中，有20个位点完全被N-糖链占据，其糖型以低聚甘露糖为主。人血管紧张素转换酶2（hACE2）的7个糖基化位点完全被复合型N-糖链占据。然而，糖基化修饰并不能直接影响HCoV-19 S蛋白与hACE2之间的结合亲和力。另外，我们还发现了S蛋白和hACE2的多个甲基化修饰位点，以及hACE2的多个羟脯氨酸修饰位点。通过在最近发表的冷冻电镜（cryo-EM）结构的基础上加入N-糖链和蛋白质翻译后修饰（PTM），我们构建了HCoV-19 S蛋白和hACE2的精细结构模型。本研究揭示的HCoV-19 S蛋白和hACE2的PTM及糖基化图谱为研究病毒的宿主黏附、免疫反应，以及相关药物和疫苗的研发提供了更多的蛋白质结构细节。

关键词： N-糖基化 COVID-19 棘突蛋白 hACE2 蛋白结构